实验目的:
1、掌握Native vlan和Allow vlan的配置。
2、理解Native vlan和Allow vlan的功能。
实验拓扑:
实验步骤:
1、依据图中拓扑配置4台主机的IP地址,其中PC通过路由器模拟,配置如下:
PC1(config)#int f0/0 PC1(config-if)#no shutdown PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 PC1(config-if)#exit PC2(config)#int f0/0 PC2(config-if)#no shutdown PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 PC2(config-if)#exit PC3(config)#int f0/0 PC3(config-if)#no shutdown PC3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0 PC3(config-if)#exit PC4(config)#int f0/0 PC4(config-if)#no shutdown PC4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.4 255.255.255.0 PC4(config-if)#exit
2、根据图中拓扑,在交换机SW1和SW2上创建VLAN,然后将接口放置到对应VLAN中,如下=>
SW1上配置:
SW1#vlan database SW1(vlan)#vlan 10 name VLAN_10 SW1(vlan)#vlan 20 name VLAN_20 SW1(vlan)#exit SW1(config)#int f0/2 SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access SW1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10 SW1(config-if-range)#exit SW1(config)#int f0/3 SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access SW1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20 SW1(config-if-range)#exit
SW2上配置:
SW2#vlan database SW2(vlan)#vlan 10 name VLAN_10 SW2(vlan)#vlan 20 name VLAN_20 SW2(vlan)#exit SW2(config)#int f0/2 SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access SW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10 SW2(config-if-range)#exit SW2(config)#int f0/3 SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access SW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20 SW2(config-if-range)#exit
查看VLAN信息,如下:
SW1#show vlan-switch brief VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Fa0/1,Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7 Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11 Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15 10 VLAN_10 active Fa0/2 20 VLAN_20 active Fa0/3 1002 fddi-default active 1003 token-ring-default active 1004 fddinet-default active 1005 trnet-default active SW2#show vlan-switch brief VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Fa0/1,Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7 Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11 Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/2 20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/3 1002 fddi-default active 1003 token-ring-default active 1004 fddinet-default active 1005 trnet-default active
此时,SW1和SW2上不同交换机已经创建,并且不同接口放置在对应VLAN中。
3、部署Trunk技术,并实现Trunk优化。默认情况下,Trunk上native vlan为1,即从vlan1的数据不打标签,要求将native vlan改为10;其次,Trunk
允许所有的vlan数据通过,要求只允许vlan 10和20通过。配置如下:
SW1(config)#int f0/0 SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 10 SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed 1,1002-1005,10,20 SW1(config-if)#exit
SW2配置如下:
SW2(config)#int f0/0 SW2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk SW2(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 10 SW2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,1002-1005,10,20 SW2(config-if)#exit
查看Trunk链路状态,如下:
SW1#show interfaces trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Fa0/0 on 802.1q trunking 10 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/0 1,10,20,1002-1005 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Fa0/0 1,10,20 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Fa0/0 1,10,20
可以看到,native vlan从1变成10,而allow vlan则只允许vlan10、20和其他默认vlan数据通过。
4、进入Trunk优化测试,要验证native vlan的效果,可以通过抓包来达到,例如先让PC1 ping PC2,并在trunk上抓包:
PC1#ping 192.168.1.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/42/64 ms
底层数据分组如下:
再让PC3 ping PC4,并抓包,如下:
PC3#ping 192.168.2.4 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.4, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/40/60 ms
底层数据分组如下:
从上面对比可以看出,一般的vlan经过trunk链路需要打上标签,而native vlan无需打上标签。
5、验证Allow vlan功能,将允许的vlan改为只允许vlan20通过,配置如下:
SW1(config)#int f0/0 SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,20,1002-1005 SW1(config-if)#exit SW2(config)#int f0/0 SW2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,20,1002-1005 SW2(config-if)#exit
此时让PC1 ping PC2,如下:
PC1#ping 192.168.1.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
再让PC3 ping PC4,如下:
PC3#ping 192.168.2.4 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.4, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/36/60 ms
从上面可以看出,没有被allow的vlan没法通过trunk链路!
通过以上两种trunk优化的部署,我们可以得出:
①Native vlan可以使得特定vlan在经过trunk的时候无需打上标签,交换机全局只允许一个native vlan,默认为native vlan 1,一般将native vlan修改为需要大数据处理的vlan,由此可以减轻交换机的压力。另外,交换机双方的native vlan必须一致,否则,由于Cisco交换机开启CDP协议,若检测到不一致,则链路会down!
②Allow vlan可以使特定的vlan在trunk上面跑,通过此技术,可以限制一些垃圾数据如广播泛洪的影响,达到流量优化。
此实验完成。
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